Hydrogen Sulfate + Sodium Hydroxide
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| Names | |||
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| IUPAC proper noun Sodium hydrogen sulfate | |||
| Other names Sodium acid sulfate | |||
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.787 | ||
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| E number | E514(ii) (acidity regulators, ...) | ||
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| Backdrop | |||
| Chemic formula | NaHSOfour | ||
| Molar mass | 120.06 g/mol (anhydrous) 138.07 thou/mol (monohydrate) | ||
| Appearance | white solid | ||
| Density | ii.742 thousand/cmthree (anhydrous) 1.eight g/cm3 (monohydrate) | ||
| Melting point | 58.five °C (137.3 °F; 331.six 1000) (monohydrate) 315 °C (anhydrous) | ||
| Boiling point | decomposes to Na2SiiO7 (+ HtwoO) at 315 °C (599 °F; 588 K) | ||
| Solubility in h2o | 28.five g/100 mL (25 °C) 100 g/100 mL (100 °C) | ||
| Solubility | Insoluble in ammonia | ||
| Acidity (pK a) | 1.99 | ||
| Construction | |||
| Crystal structure | triclinic (anhydrous) monoclinic (monohydrate) | ||
| Hazards | |||
| GHS labelling: | |||
| Pictograms |  | ||
| Signal word | Danger | ||
| Adventure statements | H318 | ||
| Precautionary statements | P280, P305+P351+P338, P310 | ||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 2 0 one | ||
| Flash point | Not-combustible | ||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS | ||
| Related compounds | |||
| Other anions | Sodium sulfate | ||
| Other cations | Potassium bisulfate | ||
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard country (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references | |||
Sodium bisulfate, also known equally sodium hydrogen sulfate,[a] is the sodium salt of the bisulfate anion, with the molecular formula NaHSOfour. Sodium bisulfate is an acid salt formed by partial neutralization of sulfuric acid past an equivalent of sodium base of operations, typically in the grade of either sodium hydroxide (lye) or sodium chloride (table salt). It is a dry out granular product that can be safely shipped and stored. The anhydrous course is hygroscopic. Solutions of sodium bisulfate are acidic, with a 1M solution having a pH of around 1.
Product [edit]
Sodium bisulfate is produced as an intermediate in the Mannheim process, an industrial procedure involving the reaction of sodium chloride and sulfuric acid:[i]
- NaCl + H2SO4 → HCl + NaHSO4
This step is highly exothermic. The liquid sodium bisulfate is sprayed and cooled so that it forms a solid bead. The hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in water to produce hydrochloric acid as a useful coproduct of the reaction.
Although not of commercial interest, sodium bisulfate tin can be generated as a byproduct of the production of many other mineral acids via the reaction of their sodium salts with an excess of sulfuric acid:
- NaX + HtwoAnd then4 → NaHSOfour + HX ( X− = CN−, NOthree −, ClO4 −)
The acids HX produced accept a lower humid point than the reactants and are separated from the reaction mixture past distillation.
Chemical reactions [edit]
Hydrated sodium bisulfate dehydrates at 58 °C (136 °F) at which point it separates from the water molecule attached to information technology. Once cooled once more, it is freshly hygroscopic. Heating sodium bisulfate to 280 °C (536 °F) produces sodium pyrosulfate, some other colorless salt:[1]
- two NaHSO4 → Na2South2Oseven + HiiO
Uses [edit]
Sodium bisulfate is used primarily to lower pH. it also is used in metal finishing, cleaning products,[2] and to lower the pH of water for constructive chlorination in swimming pools and hot tubs. Sodium bisulfate is likewise AAFCO approved as a general-use feed additive, including companion animal nutrient. It is used every bit a urine acidifier to reduce urinary stones in cats.[3]
It is highly toxic to certain echinoderms, but fairly harmless to most other life forms; so information technology is used in controlling outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish.
Sodium bisulfate was the principal active ingredient in the toilet bowl cleaners Vanish and Sani-Flush, both now discontinued.[iv]
In the textiles industry, it is sometimes applied to velvet fabric made with a silk backing and a pile of cellulose-based fiber (rayon, cotton wool, hemp, etc.) to create "burnout velvet": the sodium bisulfate, when practical to such a fabric and heated, causes the cellulose-based fibers to become brittle and bit abroad, leaving burned-out areas in the finished cloth, normally in bonny patterns.[five]
Sodium bisulfate is the active ingredient in some granular poultry litter treatments used to control ammonia.[6] Sodium bisulfate has too been shown to significantly reduce the concentration of Campylobacter and Salmonella in chicken houses.[7]
Sodium Bisulfate is sometimes used as the active ingredient in flocculant tablets, a step in soil and water quality test kits.[8]
In nutrient [edit]
Sodium bisulfate is used equally a food additive to leaven cake mixes (make them ascension)[9] as well as being used in meat and poultry processing and nearly recently in browning prevention of fresh-cut produce.[ten] Sodium bisulfate is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA. The food-grade product likewise meets the requirements fix out in the Food Chemicals Codex. It is denoted past E number E514ii in the EU and is also approved for use in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and Mexico.[eleven] where it is listed as additive 514. Food grade sodium bisulfate is used in a variety of food products, including beverages, dressings, sauces, and fillings. Information technology has many synonyms including[12] bisulfate of soda, sodium acid sulfate, mono sodium hydrogen sulfate, sodium hydrogen sulfate, sodium hydrosulfate, and sulfuric acid sodium salt (one:1).
Sodium bisulfate is considered natural past the Grocery Manufacturers Association (GMA) since it is made from minerals.[xiii] [ non-primary source needed ] Nonetheless, all commercially available sodium bisulfate is produced from sulfuric acid synthesized from elemental sulfur via the contact process.
Sodium bisulfate lowers the pH without a sour taste and has been used in the identify of citric, malic or phosphoric acids that'south commercially available[14] and tin also be used as an anti-browning amanuensis.[xv]
Notes [edit]
- ^ The prefix "bi" in "bisulfate" comes from an outdated naming system and is based on the observation that there is two times every bit much sulfate (And so4) in sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4) and other bisulfates as in sodium sulfate (Na2So4) and other sulfates.
References [edit]
- ^ a b Helmold Plessen (2000). "Sodium Sulfates". Ullmann'due south Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a24_355. ISBN978-3527306732.
- ^ John Toedt, Darrell Koza, Kathleen Van Cleef-Toedt Chemical Limerick of Everyday Products p.147
- ^ Spears, Julie K.; Grieshop, Christine M.; Fahey, K. C. (October 2003). "Evaluation of sodium bisulphate and phosphoric acid as uine acidifiers for cats". Archives of Fauna Nutrition. 57 (5): 389–398. doi:10.1080/00039420310001607743. ISSN 1745-039X.
- ^ SANI-Affluent® Powder (Discontinued), Reckitt Benckiser.
- ^ Margo Vocaliser (eleven July 2007). Textile Surface Ornament: Silk and Velvet. Academy of Pennsylvania. p. 35. ISBN978-0-8122-2000-1.
- ^ Blake, John P. "Litter Treatment for Poultry" (PDF). aces.edu. Alabama Cooperative Extension System.
- ^ "Campylobacter and Salmonella Populations Associated with Chickens Raised on Acidified Litter".
- ^ "Floc Ex Tablet MSDS" (PDF). LaMotte. i June 2015.
- ^ "GRAS Discover 000003: Sodium bisulfate - FDA" (PDF). FDA.
- ^ "Sodium Bisulfate - USDA" (PDF). USDA.
- ^ "Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code - Standard 1.2.4 - Labelling of Ingredients". www.legislation.gov.au.
- ^ "Wise Eating, Made Piece of cake". Noshly.
- ^ "GMA response to Natural Sodium Bisulfate" (PDF).
- ^ "Water Acidification" (PDF).
- ^ Ali, Hussein K.; El-Gizawy, Ahmed M.; El-Bassiouny, Rawia Due east. I.; Saleh, Mahmoud A. (2017-05-04). "Browning inhibition mechanisms by cysteine, ascorbic acid and citric acid, and identifying PPO-catechol-cysteine reaction products". Journal of Food Science and Applied science. 52 (6): 3651–3659. doi:10.1007/s13197-014-1437-0. ISSN 0022-1155. PMC4444905. PMID 26028748.
External links [edit]
- Food Chemicals Codex
Hydrogen Sulfate + Sodium Hydroxide,
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_bisulfate
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